1. BLOOD-STAINED EGG SHELL
Usually pullets in early stage of laying experience this, some eggs are stained by blood from a prolapsed cloaca or vent and also it can be from pecking or cannibalism.
CAUSES
A. Overweight pullets
B. Sudden onset of Pullet into laying
C. Increase in light intensity
D. Poor nutrition and management.
2. SHELL-LESS EGG
Eggs are protected only by the shell membrane. Some eggs are laid without a shell layer.
CAUSES
A. Disease like A I, ND, IB and EDS
B. Immature egg shell gland
C. Poor nutrition (Calcium and phosphorus deficiency)
3. DIRTY EGG SHEL
Sometimes Eggs shell appears to be dirty they are laid.
CAUSES
A. Wet droppings
B. Large amounts of indigestible particles in the feed.
C. Gut health problem
D. Imbalance of electolytes.
4. PALE-SHELLED EGG
Brownish color of egg shell is determine by the deposition of pigment in the cuticle.
CAUSES
A. A I.
B. Long laying of birds
C. Stress.
D. EDS.
5.SOFT-SHELL EGG
Some eggs are laid soft or incomplete shell formation.
CAUSES
A. Poor calcium deposition
B. Excessive consumption of phosphorus
C. Heat stress
D. Aged layers
6. CORRUGATED EGG SHELL
These are seen by a very rough, corrugated surface of the egg shell
CAUSES
A. Heat stress
B. Aged layers
C. Poor nutrition.
7. PIMPLED EGG SHELL
They are seen with small lumps of calcified material on the egg shell.
CAUSES
A. Strain of bird
B. Inadequate nutrition
C. Poor health gut
8. WHITISH DEPOSITED PARTICLE EGG SHELL.
An extra layer of calcium or whitish particles can be seen all over the egg or on just one end.
CAUSES
A. Defective shell gland
B. Disturbances during calcification
C. Excess calcium in the feed
9. BROKEN AND MENDED EGG SHELL
Breakages might occur during formation and then mended again before lay.
CAUSES
A. Stress during calcification
10. MISSHAPEN EGG SHELL.
These eggs are too small or large, round instead of oval, or differ from normal shapes.
CAUSES
A. Immature shell gland
B. Disease like AI, NDV, IB and EDS
C. Stress
D. Overcrowding
11. WHITE BANDED EGG SHELL.
If two eggs come into contact with each other in the shell gland pouch, normal calcification is interrupted. The first egg retained in the pouch will have an extra layer of calcium seen as the white band marking.
CAUSES
A. Stress
B. Changes in lighting
SOLUTIONS
1.Good management and Biosecurity
2.Good and adequate feeding
3.Good vaccination and medication record
4.Eradication of all agents of disturbance on the farm
5. Adequate knowledge.
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